CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS

Nervous system diseases encompass a wide range of disorders that affect the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. Common diseases include multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's disease, stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). These conditions can result in a variety of debilitating symptoms, including memory loss, motor difficulties, muscle weakness, tremors, partial or complete paralysis, and cognitive impairment. Many of these diseases are progressive and have no definitive cure, so treatment focuses on managing symptoms and improving patients' quality of life.

Symptoms vary depending on the specific disease, but generally include motor problems such as muscle stiffness, tremors and spasms, loss of balance and coordination, numbness or weakness in the limbs, and difficulty speaking or swallowing. Cognitive problems may also occur, such as memory loss, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and behavioral changes. In severe cases, paralysis, incontinence, and breathing difficulties may develop. Chronic fatigue and neuropathic pain are also common in many of these diseases.

The use of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of nervous system diseases has generated interest due to their ability to promote the repair of damaged tissues and modulate the immune response. MSCs can differentiate into nerve cells and also secrete growth factors and other molecules that help regenerate neurons and other types of cells in the central nervous system. In clinical studies, MSCs have been shown to reduce inflammation in the brain and spinal cord, which is especially useful in conditions such as multiple sclerosis and stroke.

Mesenchymal stem cell therapy offers an option for patients with neurological diseases, as they can contribute to the regeneration of damaged nervous tissue and improve motor and cognitive function. In conditions such as multiple sclerosis, MSCs can help reduce inflammatory flares and slow disease progression. Furthermore, in cases of traumatic injuries to the nervous system, MSCs have shown potential to repair the spinal cord and restore some motor and sensory functions. Improvements in the quality of life of patients with Parkinson's and Alzheimer's have also been reported by reducing brain inflammation and promoting neurogenesis.